animals that live in antarctica

Blue whales are believed to be the biggest animals that have ever existed on Earth. These are the: Emperor penguin, Chinstrap penguin, Adélie penguin, Gentoo penguin and Macaroni penguin. In March, they begin testing the waters as they fledge and start foraging for their own food. That’s over 300,000 boisterous, wing-flapping birds! Whales are the largest animal on the earth. Despite the many challenges, Antarctica is teeming with life. The most endangered animals in Antarctica are albatrosses. March is ‘late-season’ for voyages to Antarctica: night times grow out of the endless summer days; the air freshens; dustings …, Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. So perhaps it won’t come as …, Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy | © 2021 Aurora Expeditions, Suite 12, Level 2, 35 Buckingham Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Killer whales sometimes also eat other whales. During summer they spend time feeding in polar waters and then they migrate towards the equator at the onset of winter. Seals also have whiskers (vibrissae), which are like little antennae that help them home in on their prey, even with their eyes and ears shut! Scientific research is helping us understand how a warming Antarctica could affect this complex ecosystem. as heavy as a small car, and you can hear it beat from 5km (2 mi) away. Penguins, like fur seals, don’t rely entirely on blubber to keep them warm. Serially monogamous, king penguins find their partner in the crowd by listening out for their unique call amid the cacophony of thousands of trumpeting penguins. Fur seals, however, take a different approach, sporting some of the warmest fur around. In 23 days their survey counted an extraordinary 55 blue whales. Like all penguins, their main predators at sea are leopard seals. Their distinctive orange beaks and peach-coloured feet provide a flash of colour against an otherwise stark landscape. Antarctic prions are social and live in flocks of thousands on those islands. Like emperor penguins, Adélies live and breed exclusively in the polar regions. In fact, they are the only two penguin species that live permanently in Antarctica! This flexibility has made them resilient to changes in ocean temperatures and reduced sea ice cover. Antarctic animals have to adapt to extreme dryness, high exposure, and bitterly cold temperatures. Longest blue whale ever: 33.58m (110ft 17in) measured at a South Georgia whaling station in the South Atlantic (1909) (Source), Average lifespan in the wild: 80-90 years. YES. The missing parts later regenerate. Who Owns Antarctica? Since being hunted to near extinction in the 18th and 19th centuries, blue whale populations appear to be rebounding. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The deepest recorded dive by an emperor penguin was up to 565m (1850 ft) deep: deeper than any other bird. The animals include penguins, seals, nematodes, tardigrades and mites. The main uses of harvested krill are aquaculture and aquarium feed, human dietary supplements and bait in sport fishing. They are most commonly spotted in groups of less than ten, but there have been reports of enormous groups of up to 1000 crabeaters hauling out on the ice to rest, moult and breed. Other planktonic sea cucumber species float in the water and move with currents. This is thought to be a common cause of Weddell seal mortality. The Antarctic microfauna includes heliozoans, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, and ciliate protozoans. At full maturity, the Adelie penguin has a black head, with white rings around each eye and a red bill. Scientists have identified possible ‘climate refugia’: little ecological pockets that could offer an icy safe haven to climate migrants in a warming Antarctica. Seals and sea lions are one of the few groups of marine mammals that live in the Antarctic. It has front flippers for swimming. Gentoo penguins have a diverse diet of fish, squid and krill. It has two blowholes that, when exhaling, spew water sprays up to 30 feet (9 m) into the air. They can dive up to 200m (655 ft) and stay underwater for up to seven minutes, but their great strength is their speed. Sexual maturity begins from 3 to 6 years, and an Adelie penguin can live on average 20 years in the wild. They are the largest of the dolphins, and one of the world’s most formidable apex predators. But that just makes the few extremophile species who do thrive there all the more impressive. Its broad, U-shaped head makes up to a quarter of its body’s length, and it has a streamlined body dotted with pale blue spots on its back. While blue whales are still classified as. Antarctica is largely inhabited by four major wildlife creatures namely Seals, Penguins, Whales, and Bugs. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth. The Antarctic prion has a wingspan of 31.5 to 36 inches (80 to 91 cm), weighs 1 lb (440 grams), and the body length is 14 to 16.5 inches (35 to 42 cm). Weight: avg 25–30 metric tons (28–33 short tons), Average lifespan in the wild: 45-50 years. To feed, it flies along the water surface with its bill and head submerged in water to scoop up their food. They feed on fish, seals and even other whales. The emperor penguin’s main diet is made up of cephalopods, fish, and krill. Sub-zero temperatures, months of darkness and some of the strongest winds on Earth. Despite having been hunted to within an inch of extinction, both fur seals and elephant seals have strong populations, crowding subantarctic beaches during breeding season and filling the air with their belches and battle cries. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Its belly color is pale, but it looks yellow due to an algae layer. Also called the dove prion, the Antarctic prion is a seabird whose feathers and upper body are grayish blue, and the underbelly from the throat to the tail feather is mostly white. The snow petrel can live for up to 20 years and their average age of sexual maturity is seven years. Blue whales feed almost exclusively on krill. Scientific name: Balaenoptera bonaerensis, Weight: avg 4–5 t (3.9–4.9 long tons; 4.4–5.5 short tons), Average lifespan in the wild: 30-50 years. Thailand Animals - Animals That Live in Thailand, 10 Animals That Live in Pakistan — Pakistan Animals. Weddell seals are the most southerly breeding mammal on Earth. However, they earn their name not from their size but from the long, trunk-like snouts sported by adult males. … The sea cucumber usually lives on or in the seafloor and is therefore regarded as the sea’s earthworm. A blue whale’s tongue can weigh as much as an elephant. Find out why. On this continent no people live. On land, predatory seabirds such as skuas, southern giant petrels and snowy sheathbills pose a threat, particularly to fluffy chicks. In 2016, a lone crabeater seal was spotted on Anglesea beach in Victoria! Their highly efficient fur is made up of two parts: dense, water-resistant and insulating underfur – up to 300,000 hairs per square inch on a fur seal – and coarse guard hairs, which are longer and protect the underfur from water and abrasion. Due to their high reproductive rates and nutritional importance, rotifers are used in aquaculture and aquariums. A male leopard seal weighs up to 660 lbs (300 kg), and a female up to 1,100 lbs (500 kg). Its length varies from less than an inch to over 6 feet (2.5 to 182 cm). Antarctica is a land mass surrounded by a large very cold ocean, so unlike the Arctic, purely land-dwelling animals cannot readily migrate in order to leave the continent in the long, harsh cold and dark months of the austral winter. The body length of a male leopard seal is between 9 and 109 feet (2.8 to 3.3 m), and a female 9.5 to 12.5 feet (2.9 to 3.8 m). Average lifespan in the wild: 15-20 years. The orca, also called a killer whale, is a carnivorous ocean mammal, and the largest member of the... Adelie Penguin. Antarctica - Antarctica - Animal life: The native land fauna is wholly invertebrate. The large animals often migrate between the two, and smaller animals are expected to be able to spread via underwater currents. The orca, also called a killer whale, is a carnivorous ocean mammal, and the largest member of the dolphin family. How does life survive in this vast polar desert? Apart from which bugs and a few birds … King penguins have a unique 13-16 month breeding cycle, which means that they can have a maximum of one chick every two years, or two chicks every three years. Whales are the largest animals found on the planet and they are near the edge of extinction due to hunting. The vocal behaviour of killer whales becomes specific for each group. A leopard seal’s head is large, with a long flexible neck, and a jaw with long canine teeth. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The largest animal on earth, the blue whale, feeds almost exclusively on krill, tiny shrimps living in the ocean. https://themysteriousworld.com/top-10-animals-that-lives-in-antarctica A warming Antarctica will have a profound impact on the animals living there. Snow petrels are sociable and fly erratically in a bat-like motion. Krill tend to migrate vertically in the water column, rising to the surface and providing food for predators at night, and sinking into the depths during the day. During summer, it is found in large quantities in ocean bottoms and pools. Found across the Antarctic Peninsula and several Antarctic and subantarctic islands, the plucky chinstraps are the most numerous penguins in Antarctica. Many countries operate science stations in Antarctica, but no nation owns the land. A male blue whale weighs 165 tons (150,000 kg), and a female 200 tons (180,000 kg). Adult body lengths reach about 27.5 inches (70 cm). Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba) are small crustaceans with large, black eyes and many small legs called thoracopods. Known for their sleek black and white colouring that resembles a tuxedo, the distinctive white ring around their eyes is an important identifying feature. In February 2020, a group of scientists reported ‘astonishing’ numbers of blue whales off the coast of South Georgia, where they were once abundant and hunted in large numbers. After 2-3 months their downy plumage is replaced by adult feathers and they are ready for life at sea. Like Type B’s, they have a distinctive yellowish colouring. Penguins and seals keep themselves warm with layers of blubber (fat). There may be others we have yet to discover. The Antarctic Blackfin icefish has anti-freeze proteins in its blood to stop it from freezing, even if the water temperature drops below 0C (32F)! These cookies do not store any personal information. These animals are well adapted to survive this extreme weather and reproduce vibrantly therein. We use cookies to enhance your user experience. As the largest animals on earth, the blue whale’s main diet is krill, a crustacean and one of the tiniest aquatic creatures. Nina has been drawn to the polar regions since her first otherworldly experience of the midnight sun in 2002. Fortunately, their population trends appear to be increasing. They filter the water out using their huge baleen plates, made of a fibrous material a bit like our fingernails. They use echo-location to communicate, and employ cooperative hunting techniques, which some scientists compare to wolves. Rotifers live also in lake bottoms, rivers, and streams, sewage treatment plants, and even grow on freshwater crustaceans. This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Antarctica.There are 23 mammal species in Antarctica, all of which are marine.Three of these species are considered to be endangered, one to be vulnerable, eight are listed as data deficient and one has not yet been evaluated. Adelie penguins are social and breed in colonies numbering in the thousands, in nested depressions on the ground lined with small stones to protect eggs from water. Other animals native to Antarctica that you may find interesting are the Krill, Emperor Penguin, and the Antarctic Petrel. Animals that live in Antarctica are mainly aquatic, such as seals, penguins, other birds and some marine invertebrates and cetaceans. This bird is native to the cold, icy Antarctic continent. Global warming and other climate change factors, however, are increasingly taking their toll. Researchers believe the colossal quid leads a solitary lifestyle and eats large amounts of food. The Antarctic prion has a lifespan of 15 to 20 years. Its heart is the size of a golf buggy, as heavy as a small car, and you can hear it beat from 5km (2 mi) away. They incubate their eggs on their feet, like emperor penguins. Known for their remarkable call, the Weddell seal’s complex symphony of otherworldly chirps and chimes has been described by some as like a ‘sci-fi spaceship’ or the call of a distant alien civilisation! While commercial sealing officially ended in 1972, commercial whaling continued in some form until 2019. Orcas can also swim at speeds of up to 33.5 miles (54 km) per hour. They can weigh as much as 200 tonnes and grow to be as big as 32 metres long. Found along the coasts of Antarctica and subantarctic islands, in 2017 they were spotted on beaches around Tasmania. While blue whales are still classified as endangered, scientists consider this return to their pre-whaling feeding grounds a very good sign. Chicks are born in early summer (December/January), and within a month they congregate in creches with other chicks. In fact, 90% …, Antarctica is known for being the highest, driest, coldest and windiest continent on earth. Although emperor penguins can’t fly, they can leap up to three metres. These highly sensitive hairs can detect the movement of tiny prey in the water at a greater distance than seals can see or hear. You can read more about Antarctic penguin populations here. They can stay underwater for 20 minutes, but the average dive is closer to five minutes and around 100 to 200 metres (328 ft to 656 ft). Antarctic Prion. Most of the animals of the south polar region are seasonal visitors, conditions are just too hard for most animals to live there in the winter. Sea cucumbers are found in nearly all marine ecosystems on the planet. Rotifers are tiny microscopic zooplanktons that thrive on moist soils, freshwater, brackish waters and marine environments. Its diet consists of small seals, krill, penguins, seabirds. They will sometimes steal nesting rocks from other nests. Instead of teeth, baleen whales have curtains of flexible plates in their mouths, called baleen. Find them: Antarctic Peninsula, breeding from October to February, chicks present from late December to February. Scientific research is helping us understand how a warming Antarctica could affect this complex ecosystem. The establishment of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area in 2017 is a step towards the protection of these vital habitats as Antarctica warms. Elephant Seals. The colossal squid has the largest eye out of all creatures on Earth. In the past, the Ross and Amundsen Seas acted as glacial refuges on a warming Earth, and models suggest they could offer similar shelter in the future. Eight of the world’s 18 penguin species live in Antarctica and on subantarctic islands. Colder than the Arctic and the Andes, even colder than the summit of …, When most people imagine Antarctica they think of a cold continent covered in ice. They sometimes swim in small groups, but usually alone or in pairs. The Antarctic prion. In addition to providing shelter for incubating eggs and young chicks, the pebbles can be offered up to an object of affection as part of a courting ritual, and Adélie males are well-known for their cheeky pebble-stealing antics. It is home to billions of krill, millions of seals and more penguins than anywhere else on the planet. The orca is the only known leopard seal predator. https://holidaynomad.com/antarctica/what-animals-live-in-antarctica Protected under the Antarctic Treaty’s Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, these marine mammals are flourishing in the cool haven of the Southern Ocean. Sometimes confused with emperor penguins due to their colourful plumage and orange cheeks, king penguins do not visit Antarctica, preferring the relatively temperate conditions a little further north, between 45° and 55°S. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Some rotifers lead a solitary lifestyle and others live in active colonies. Crustaceans like krill, tiny cephalopods, small fish, polychaete worms, and carrion are part of the Antarctic prion diet. They spend the majority of their lives around the pack-ice surrounding Antarctica, although vagrants have been spotted as far north as Australia. From Penguins to the blue whale, you will never find a moment of boredom when researching the unique animals in this continent. They take turns being exposed to the cold on the outside, gradually moving towards the toasty middle, where temperatures can be up to 37C (100F), before beginning the process again. The lifespan of the orca is 50 to 80 years. Some leave Antarctica at the coldest … In these icy colonies, emperor penguins can withstand temperatures as low as – 50°C (- 58°F) with winds gusting up to 200km per hour (124mph). Chicks are born in early summer (December/January), and join creches with other chicks within about a month. Known for their extraordinary intelligence, killer whales hunt in pods of up to 40 individuals. Antarctic animals - The most abundant and best known animals from the southern continent, penguins, whales seals, albatrosses, other seabirds and a range of invertebrates you may have not heard of such as krill which form the basis of the Antarctic food web. Animals that live in antarctica are mainly aquatic, such as seals, penguins, other birds and some marine invertebrates and cetaceans. Underwater, they are protected from the extremes of the Antarctic environment, and many migrate north for the winter. The Adelie penguin is a migratory bird named after the wife of French Antarctic explorer Dumont d’Urville. Apparently climatically less tolerant and less easily dispersed, the fauna follows plant colonization of newly deglaciated regions and therefore is not as widely distributed. They are somewhat stout and stocky compared to other baleen whales, and travel comparatively slower. A quick online search will reveal the extraordinary scale of these colossal majesties of the deep. However many of the other large baleen whales, including the blue, fin and sei whales, have been slower to recover. Fish, squid, mollusks, krill, as well as carrion of seals, whales and penguins, are part of the snow petrel’s diet. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Whales, seals and penguins are some of the animals that live in Antarctica. The Adelie penguin’s primary diet is made up of krill, small fish, squids, amphipods, and cephalopods. , in what is thought to be only the third local sighting in 100 years. Whales weigh up to 180 tonnes and their length is around 98 ft. Antarctic whales feed on Antarctic krill, sea planktons, squid and other small fishes. A sea cucumber exhibits sexual and asexual traits: females release eggs into the water, and they get fertilized on coming into contact with sperms released by males. Adélie penguins lay two eggs annually, which hatch in early summer (usually December/January). The Elephant seal is the largest of all seals in Antarctica and, as you might expect, … They use co-operative hunting techniques such as bubble-net feeding to corral huge swarms of Antarctic krill into a small area, before sweeping the thick soup of krill and water into their enormous, pleated gullet. The Antarctic continent itself is barren, windswept and covered in ice. By March, they are ready to fledge and begin their life as an adult. members of the brush-tailed penguin family. Winter in Antarctica means six months of darkness and temperatures plummeting below -60°C (-76°F). The colossal squid is a large deep-sea predator whose body length and tentacles combined measure up to 46 feet (14 m), and it weighs about 1,100 lbs (500 kg). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Their call is among the loudest on Earth, with scientists estimating other whales can hear their calls 1,600km (1,000mi) away. And they’re right. Antarctic krill is also commercially harvested by humans, mostly in the Scotia Sea, to the north of the Antarctic Peninsula. The deep oceans of Antarctica and the southwest Pacific around New Zealand is where the colossal squid is found. Like emperor penguins, Adélies live and breed exclusively in the polar regions. Baleen is like a colander, allowing whales to filter-feed vast quantities of krill and small fish. With a circumpolar distribution and an estimated population as high as 15 million, crabeater seals are the most abundant seal species in the world. Nina is the author of Antarctica, published by Australian Geographic in September 2020. Once hunted to near-extinction for the rich oil rendered from their blubber, elephant seal populations have rebounded well under strong protections in recent decades. Plant life includes some grass and shrubs, algae, lichen, fungi, and bacteria. If you continue without changing your settings, you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. For this reproduction to work, many males and females need to be together at one location. Average lifespan in the wild: 20-40 years. Other animals have been discovered beneath Antarctic ice shelves in the past, but those included mobile animals such as fish and arthropods, a group of … Type B: these prefer the pack ice, feeding predominantly on Weddell seals, and also possibly penguins. Second in size only to the emperor, these stately birds live in bustling colonies on subantarctic islands north of Antarctica. The emperor penguin is the largest of about 17 penguin species documented. According to their study, which was published in Frontiers in Marine Science, Antarctic krill and the penguins that rely on them are among the most at risk as the ice melts. They do this by diving deep and filling their feathers with a cloak of bubbles, which helps them launch into the air and leap onto the ice! They are often found congregating on low-lying, rocky beaches in groups of a few to a few thousand. The blue whale is the largest mammal ever known to have lived on Earth. Daily, a blue whale eats 2 to 4 tons of it. Hunted by Japanese whaling ships until 2019, the minke whale population is currently classified as near threatened. Today, humpback whales are thriving and they are listed as least concern. After about a month, Adélie chicks are ready to leave the security of their parents’ nest and strike out with other penguin chicks in rowdy groups called creches. With less vegetation and large expanses of icy nothingness, animal life is more or less relegated to the relatively pristine coastlines. This is a remarkable, but perilous system. A snow petrel can squirt foul-smelling oils with its mouth at intruders, and it can also fight them with its bills and wings. During the summer, Antarctic waters are full of many different types of whales looking to eat fish, squid, penguins and plankton. They haul out onto the ice to rest, moult and pup. Largest of the dolphins, the killer whale, or orca, is a highly successful predator, feeding on fish, seals, and sometimes whales. Feathers on its back and wing-like appendages are gray-black. However Adélie penguins have more in common with gentoo and chinstrap penguins, both of which are members of the brush-tailed penguin family. A male’s maximum length is 32 feet (9.8 m), and a female 28 feet (8.5 m). Antarctica, frankly, is not quite as hospitable a place as the Arctic. At full maturity, it stands at 3.75 feet (1.15 m) and weighs up to 88 pounds (40 kg). All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. Their name is derived from the black line under their chin which, combined with their black cap-like head colouring, makes them look like they’re wearing a little helmet. Its weight range is 0.5 to 1 lb (260 to 460 g), and its length is 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) with a wingspan of 30 to 37.5 (75 to 95 cm). It has eight arms measuring 2.75 to 3.75 feet (0.85 to 1.15 m), and two tentacles about 7 feet (2.1 m) long. Antarctica the continect surrounding the South Pole is the fifth largest continent. All seals are fairly slow predators that hunt by waiting in places their prey is likely to appear. Blue whales are found in the North Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern and Northern Indian Ocean. The colossal squid’s skin is reddish-pink, and the eyes are larger than those of any other creature on the planet. In a day, the emperor penguin can eat 4.4 to 6.6 lbs (2 to 3 kg) of food, but when it needs to fatten up to breed, it eats up to 13 lbs (6 kg). Groups of scientists come for periods of time to study this frigid land. Some colonies in South Georgia are home to up to 150,000 breeding pairs. The emperor penguin has yellow ear patches that fade into the white of its breast feathers and underbelly. While humans might put on a warm down jacket and a head-torch to survive, Antarctic animals take a different approach. These majestic giants are among the great wanderers of the sea, travelling up to 10,000km (6,200 miles) on their annual migration from their breeding grounds in the north to their feeding grounds in the south. Its populations are spread across the Antarctic continent, and such southern islands as South Shetland, South Orkney, South Sandwich, and Bouvetoya. Some of the most common examples of Antarctic animals and plants, which we will be discussing in detail, include: Its back is black with blue-tipped feathers; the chest is solid white, and the feet are grey-pink. Scientists thought nothing could live in that extreme environment. It preys on them by hiding under the ice, and its dives underwater last up to 15 minutes. Its diet consists of fish like the Patagonian tooth-fish and other squids. When the ocean congeals into sea ice, they carve holes in the surface using their sharp canines and incisors. What is the biggest animal that lives in Antarctica? Like Adélie and gentoo penguins, they generally lay two eggs. Emperor penguins are the only penguin species that breeds in Antarctica during the winter. They feed on microalgae and are food for fish, shellfish, corals and other aquatic organisms. Gentoo penguins are the third-largest member of the penguin family, found across the Antarctic Peninsula and several subantarctic islands. Due to Antarctica’s inaccessibility and challenging research conditions, there are many species scientists still know very little about. There are about 2,000 rotifers species and their size generally ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm, though some reach 2 to 3 mm. In fact, they are the only two penguin species that live permanently in Antarctica! They can weigh as much as 200 tonnes and grow to be as big as 32 metres long. Adélie and emperor penguins, Antarctica’s only permanent penguin residents, are particularly vulnerable. Scientists aren’t sure how penguins hunt in the dark, but they suspect that bioluminescence in some squids, crustaceans, and fish could help guide them. Average lifespan in the wild: 50 to 80 years, IUCN Red List status: Unknown (Data Deficient). Its body is shaped like a cucumber with small tentacle-like tube feet for movement and feeding. Their average lifespan is 15 to 20 years but some have lived over 40 years. With streamlined bodies like torpedoes, they use their flippers like wings for propulsion in the water, and their feet (and sometimes tail) to steer their course. Crabeater seals eat more krill (Euphasia superba) than any other seal species on Earth. It lives 1,000 feet (300 m) below the surface. A male orca weighs 11 tons (10,000 kg), and a female 8.25 tons (7,500 kg). Inquisitive but shy, minke whales can be spotted by watchful travellers as they cautiously approach vessels, before darting away or diving quickly, not to resurface for several minutes. World travellers, chinstrap penguins are common from the Antarctic Peninsula to islands across the subantarctic, but have been spotted as far north as New Zealand! Antarctic seals have large eyes to help them hunt under ice and in low light which can endure for up to 6 months. At full maturity, its coat is silvery-grey to black with patchy dark spots and a pale underbelly. Then they swallow a hearty mouthful of krill. The habitat for the orca are oceans with cold water in Antarctica, Norway, Alaska, the North Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. They use these holes, often called breathing holes, to access the bountiful waters below. Antarctic krill fisheries are regulated and monitored by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Many of the animals that live in antarctica are birds. They have a broad diet which, unlike other Antarctic seals, includes other marine mammals. Both male and female Adelie penguins take turns incubating the eggs. They are seen in the seas near Antarctic region. You can read more about seal populations here. Only plants and animals that can live in cold live there. Let’s learn a bit about some of the different species we find in Antarctica.

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