capitalization and punctuation rule numbers

With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. Take your pick. 7 8 1 Exercise 2: Correct each mistake. Twenty-three hundred sixty-one victims were hospitalized. Joe's grandpa looks well. PUNCTUATION 5 Instructions The text on the following page contains many errors pertaining to punctuation. Examples: The baby wakes up at five o'clock in the morning. In writing these chapters, I came to a realization that has slowly been dawning on me during my 15 years as a technical editor: authorities differ on many rules of grammar, punctuation, and capitalization; these rules are For more on capitalization after a colon, go to "Colons," Rules 1, 3, and 4. However, titles replacing someone's first name are generally capitalized. Aren't all words in a title important? Rule 7. coach Biff Sykes. Note: The Associated Press Stylebook makes an exception for years. This is a complex topic, with many exceptions, and there is no consistency we can rely on among blogs, books, newspapers, and magazines. Examples: Most of the West Coast is rainy this time of year. Better: Along the same lines, compare the following three sentences: I Got It off the Internet, Please Put It Off for Today, and I Hit the Off Switch. Rule 14. We recovered about two-thirds of the stolen cash. Imperative (a command): Go to the grocery store and buy milk. 1,054 people He had only 60 cents. Examples: Copyright by Jane Straus/GrammarBook.com. These OWL resources will help you with punctuation, such as using commas, quotation marks, apostrophes, and hyphens. Examples: Titles of Books, Plays, Articles, etc. Professional Web Design by weblinxinc.com, Remembering Jane Straus | May 18, 1954—February 25, 2011. The following examples are typical when using figures to express dates. Other authorities advise lowercase until a preposition reaches five or more letters. Example: Lamarr said that the case was "far from over" and that "we will win.". You can now purchase the same interactive, downloadable subscription quizzes individually. one thousand one hundred fifty-four dollars and sixty-one cents, Simpler: eleven hundred fifty-four dollars and sixty-one cents. Many books have subtitles. When does the Iraq war become the Iraq War? Rule 15. “Take the title from an authoritative location in the work" (p. 67). An imperative sentence is followed by either a period or an exclamation point. Domino's Pizza or Domino's pizza? Grammar and syntax determine the internal capitalization and punctuation of the initial letters of items in lists. Do not capitalize the first item in a list that follows a colon. She paints the picture. Numbers under ten should be written as words. Capitalize the names of national, religious,… Rule 10a. When expressing decades using figures, it is simpler to put an apostrophe before the incomplete numeral and no apostrophe between the number and the s. Example: During the '80s and '90s, the U.S. economy grew. Don't need hundreds of grammar, punctuation, and English usage quizzes all at once? Rule 9. OR Again, consistency is the key. Note that A is capitalized because it is the first word of the subtitle. 5. a Shakespearean sonnet The numbers in such expressions are often spelled out: Back to Square One. 5. Spell out all numbers beginning a sentence. SHURLEY ENGLISH – Capitalization and Punctuation Rules Capitalization Rules 1. Awkward: During the '80's and '90's, the U.S. economy grew. End-Mark Rules A statement is followed by a period. Compound numbers … Rule 9. Capitalize the names and nicknames of people. They're fans of the Grateful Dead. Titles are not the same as occupations. Go west three blocks and then turn left. Rule 2. But the word must be capped in the second example because put off, meaning "to postpone," is a two-word phrasal verb (a verb of two or more words). Examples: director Steven Spielberg 2. Rule 6a. Rule 16b. How would you capitalize a title such as not yet rich? Editing Guide: Capitals: 3 End Marks: 1 A colon shows the reader that a list or explanation follows. One-half is slightly less than five-eighths. Capitalization | Free, Printable Punctuation Worksheets. Some writers place an apostrophe after the number: Example: During the 80's and 90's, the U.S. economy grew. Do not add the word "dollars" to figures preceded by a dollar sign. In such cases, only the proper noun or adjective is capitalized. Example: The King's English: A Guide to Modern Usage. While most of our site should function with out, we recommend turning it back on for a better experience. Examples: The President arrived. You live in Northern California; he lives in Southern California. It is best not to use them if there is any doubt. Note: Some choose not to use commas with four-digit numbers, but this practice is not recommended. Punctuation errors include mistakes in the use of the apostrophe, capitalization, colon, comma, hyphen, parentheses, dash, ellipsis, quotation marks, and semicolon. Rule 1. Examples: Rule 8b. I must take history and Algebra 101. 1 (or 3) 5 3 Cindy, you have a phone call from Mr. Freeman. You look good, Grandpa. In abbreviations: Ed Wilson, Ph.D. … Lists help organize and present information logically and sequentially. CAPITALIZE titles used with, or in place of, people’s names. Marin County. Capitalize relatives' family names (kinship names) when they immediately precede a personal name, or when they are used alone in place of a personal name. Will you take my temperature, Doctor? Quotation Marks. Capitalization Rule: The first word of a sentence begins with a capital letter Rule: The word I is always capitalized. Almost all style guides stipulate that the numbers zero through nine should be written out. Rule: The first letter of. Examples: 4. quixotic (from the hero of the classic novel Don Quixote) One example is general manager: is it a title or an occupation? Example: The flight leaves at 6:22 a.m. We're sorry to report, Captain, that we're headed for choppy waters. When writing out numbers above 999, do not use commas. APA style. Same with professor: the Associated Press Stylebook considers professor a job description rather than a title, and recommends using lowercase even before the full name: professor Robert Ames. While most of our site should function with out, we recommend turning it back on for a better experience. Continue placing commas after every three digits. For clarity, use noon and midnight rather than 12:00 PM and 12:00 AM. Using numerals for the time of day has become widely accepted. Familiar examples include as, although, before, since, until, when. 8AM APA Style & Citation 7th edition. Capitalize specific geographical regions. Beneath, in smaller capital letters, is the subtitle, LANGUAGE AS A WINDOW INTO HUMAN NATURE. Rule 8. All sides would agree that the main title should be written, The Stuff of Thought. the Golden Gate Bridge When including these, put a colon after the work's title and follow the same rules of composition capitalization for the subtitle. Examples: Use the rule numbers above. I'm from New York's Upper West Side. Examples: Use(a(period(after(most(abbreviations(or(titles(that(are(accepted(into(formal(writing. Capitalize the names of specific course titles, but not general academic subjects. Incorrect: one thousand, one hundred fifty-four dollars, and sixty-one cents The governors, lieutenant governors, and attorneys general called for a special task force. Rule 3c. Here is a list of categories not capitalized unless an item contains a proper noun or proper adjective (or, sometimes, a trademark). Exercise 1: Write the capitalization and punctuation rule numbers for each correction in bold. Examples: Rule 10b. Capitalize proper nouns—and adjectives derived from proper nouns. Rule 2. punctuation, and capitalization in the context in which they work. My mom is here. Nineteen fifty-six was quite a year. CAPITALIZE the pronoun I. Since the first and last word in any title are always capitalized, the only question is whether to cap yet. We visited the Grand Canyon. Some put a space between the time and AM or PM. Examples: At the end ofdeclarative and imperative sentences: Declarative (a statement): The book is on the desk. Chairman of the Board William Bly will preside at the conference. Rule 2a. Indian Ocean, Hawaii, Empire State Building 4. Italics? Capitalization and Punctuation Rules in Capitalization 1. Examples: When writing out a number of three or more digits, the word and is not necessary. (Are you going to town?) Hyphenate all compound numbers from twenty-one through ninety-nine. I will need the following items: … Colon ':' 1. However, if the number is a dimension, measurement, hours, minutes or seconds, age, or percentage, it should usually be written as a numeral. You may also express decades in complete numerals. A question is followed by a question mark. $2,417,592.21. one thousand one hundred fifty-four dollars Forty-three people were injured in the train wreck. The senators from Iowa and Ohio are expected to attend. If the number or order of elements is important, use numbers; otherwise, use bullets. When writing out numbers above 999, do not use commas. Capitalizing composition titles is fraught with gray areas. one thousand one hundred fifty-four dollars and sixty-one cents. Please arrive by 12:30 sharp. The simplest way to express large numbers is usually best. There's not one mother I know who would allow that. It made me wonder, What is mankind's destiny? Example: EBay opened strong in trading today. So, is … a Russian song Capitalize the names of days and months. In special cases, if the word the is an inseparable part of something's official title, it may be capitalized. Incorrect: I have $1,250 dollars in my checking account. If a trademark starts with a lowercase word or letter (e.g., eBay, iPhone), many authorities advise capitalizing it to begin a sentence. board 15 sentences answer key pages for writing the correct sentences Simply print and laminate the board and the sentences, cut out Capitalization Rules Now suppose the title is rich yet miserable. Except for a few basic rules, spelling out numbers vs. using figures (also called numerals) is largely a matter of writers' preference. The chairman of the board, William Bly, will preside. Start studying capitalization, number, and punctuation rules. (referring to the United States) Examples: Examples: Colons 1. We live in the southeast section of town. No one would argue with Coca-Cola or Pepsi Cola, but a case could be made for Royal Crown cola. When to Use Parentheses, Commas, and Dashes Common Core L.6.2.A states students should use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) to set off nonrestrictive/parenthetical elements. Rule 16a. Rule 6c. This is a vexing matter, and policies vary. .. When spelling out decades, do not capitalize them. Rule 5. the Grand Canyon New York City Incorrect: one thousand, one hundred fifty-four dollars, and sixty-one cents. Everyone writes New York City, so why does the Associated Press Stylebook recommend New York state? He’s on Cloud Nine. ((Mrs.,(Ms.,(Dr., We had three relatives visit from the West. 27 Worksheets in 2 differentiated formats covering Capitalization and Punctuation including posters, bookmarks, reviews and answer sheets for each rule. But depending on which capitalization policy you choose, the subtitle might be any of the following: Language As a Window Into Human Nature Examples: Material created by Jane Straus and GrammarBook.com. Rule 3b. Research with reference books and search engines is the best strategy. We expect a 5 1/2 percent wage increase. Point-form lists make it easier for the reader to understand how the elements are related. America's two most influential style and usage guides have different approaches: The Associated Press Stylebook recommends spelling out the numbers zero through nine and using numerals thereafter—until one million is reached. Material created by Jane Straus and GrammarBook.com. Do not capitalize the title if it is used after a name or instead of a name. e.g. In writing these chapters, I came to a realization that has slowly been dawning on me during my 15 years as a technical editor: authorities differ on many rules of grammar, punctuation, and capitalization; these rules are The main function of capitals is to focus attention on particular elements within any group of people, places, or things. Simpler: eleven hundred fifty-four dollars and sixty-one cents. 3. Rule 4. You can now purchase the same interactive, downloadable subscription quizzes individually. owner Helen Smith Language as a Window Into Human Nature Again, it is cleaner to avoid an apostrophe between the year and the s. Example: During the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. economy grew. But this isn't really very helpful. Capitalization and Punctuation Since the use of capital letters and a variety of punctuation differs from language to language, you will need to place great emphasis on these sections. Examples: In this case, yet is an adverb, and adverbs are always capped. Use an exclamation point for the end punctuation of a sentence that expresses strong feeling. Punctuation Rules END-MARK PUNCTUATION 1. Do not capitalize quoted material that continues a sentence. Mixed fractions are often expressed in figures unless they begin a sentence. The James brothers were notorious robbers. 11:20 p.m. Others write times using no space before AM or PM. Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Rule 5. (Mom baked us a cake.) Five and one-half percent was the expected wage increase. However, these monikers are not capitalized when they are used with possessive nouns or pronouns, or when they follow the personal name, or when they do not refer to a specific person. Inconsistent: You can earn from one million dollars to 5 million dollars. Most writers don't capitalize common nouns that simply describe the products (pizza, soap, hotel), but it's not always easy to determine where a brand name ends. 3:09 P.M. e.g. Example: Bring the following: paper, a pencil, and a snack. Example: twenty-three hundred (simpler than two thousand three hundred). Correct: one thousand one hundred fifty-four dollars and sixty-one cents. Titles of Books, Plays, Articles, etc. Remembering Jane Straus | May 18, 1954—February 25, 2011 | Author of the original Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation. 2. Do not capitalize points of the compass. The elements of a list stand out from the rest of the text, unlike sentences in a paragraph. CAPITALIZE family names when used in place of or with the person’s name. Introducing Lists. Examples: Rule 11. Rule 7. a Freudian slip. In the second title, Up is an adverb and should be capped. Some writers, editors, and publishers choose not to capitalize words following hyphens unless they are proper nouns or proper adjectives (Ex-Marine but Ex-husband). The president will address Congress. Capitalize geographic names. If each point is a complete sentence, capitalize the first word and end the sentence with appropriate ending punctuation. It looks like you have JavaScript turned off. Once you understand these rules, try a capitalization rules quiz to test yourself. Count three spaces to the left to place the first comma. What's new with the 7th edition; Format Basics. Well, that’s just - not true. Inconsistent: You can earn from $1 million to five million dollars. Examples: Do not capitalize "the national anthem.". What are the capitalization rules? Example: I like Surrealism, but I never understood Abstract Expressionism. With figures of four or more digits, use commas. However, do not hyphenate terms like a third or a half. 3. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends spelling out the numbers zero through one hundred and using figures thereafter—except for whole numbers used in combination with hundred, thousand, hundred thousand, million, billion, and beyond (e.g., two hundred; twenty-eight thousand; three hundred thousand; one million). CAPITALIZE the names and initials of people. Most of these are called subordinating conjunctions, because they join a subordinate clause to a main clause. Examples: Capitalize the first letter of every sentence. It is not necessary to use a decimal point or a dollar sign when writing out sums of less than a dollar. the city of New York What is true is that knowledge of conventions and the ability to edit are essential to a blooming writer; in fact, Conventions are one of the Traits of Effective Writing . 8 AM Twenty-seven of them were hospitalized. It looks like you have JavaScript turned off. The more formal the title, the more likely it is to be capitalized. However, use the word and to express any decimal points that may accompany these numbers. Punctuation: Using Colons, Semicolons & Periods Next Lesson . Here are four examples of how to write numbers above 999,999 in AP style: 1 million; 20 million; 20,040,086; 2.7 trillion. Rule 4b. the 30th of June, 1934 Rule 6. Capitalization and Punctuation Game : sort and fix sentences according to the capitalization and punctuation rules. July 22, 2011, was a momentous day in his life. Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase. draconian (from ancient-Athenian lawgiver Draco). CAPITALIZE the first word of a sentence. Learn about capitalization rules for proper nouns, titles, the first word in a sentence, and the pronoun 'I' Language As a Window into Human Nature Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Although the seven coordinating conjunctions are not capitalized, you may have noticed there are many more than seven conjunctions in English. Sign up to receive the FREE weekly GrammarBook.com E-Newsletter. In general, do not capitalize the word the before proper nouns. 3:09P.M. Examples: Capitalize proper nouns—and adjectives derived from proper nouns. Rule 11. This time yet is one of the seven coordinating conjunctions (the others are and, or, nor, but, for, and so). Composition titles: which words should be capitalized in titles of books, plays, films, songs, poems, essays, chapters, etc.? Capitalize the title's first and last word. Professional Web Design by weblinxinc.com, Remembering Jane Straus | May 18, 1954—February 25, 2011. Central Penn will begin using 7th ed. We live in the Southeast. It contains clear explanations for each rule with simple examples of correct sentences. Language as a Window into Human Nature. There aren't always easy formulas or logical explanations. PUNCTUATION*RULES* * SECTION11:PERIODS((16. Quotation Marks? Examples: 4.33 Lists. Capitalize the pronoun I. The west coast of Scotland is rainy this time of year. Hyphenate all written-out fractions. Punctuation (or sometimes interpunction) is the use of spacing, conventional signs (called punctuation marks), and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud. Here are two correctly capitalized titles: Going up the Road and Going Up in a Balloon. There are no set rules, except to always capitalize the first element, even if it would not otherwise be capitalized, such as to in My To-go Order (some would write My To-Go Order). Capitalize Most Words in Titles. Examples: 6. Italics? Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period. Policies and philosophies vary from medium to medium. Rule 3. This chapter will confine itself to rules that all media seem to agree on. Since coordinating conjunctions are not capitalized in titles, the right answer is Rich yet Miserable. It is not necessary to capitalize city, town, county, etc., if it comes before the proper name. Use a period for the end punctuation of a sentence that makes a statement. Others capitalize any word that would otherwise be capped in titles (Prize-Winning, Up-to-Date). There are three ways that I love to relax: reading magazines, practicing … Susan said,”Please pass me the salt”. In the first title, up is a preposition, and short prepositions are not capitalized. Uh oh! Do not capitalize occupations before full names. Rule 8b. He had only sixty cents. However, some writers prefer to spell out the time, particularly when using o'clock. I found out that Mom is here. Rule 3: When listing items one by one, one per line, following a colon, capitalization and ending punctuation are optional when using single words or phrases preceded by letters, numbers, or bullet points. He has a double major in European economics and philosophy. That's what you say, mister. AM and PM are also written A.M. and P.M., a.m. and p.m., and am and pm. Use a question mark for the end punctuation of a sentence that asks a question. In the case of brand names, companies are of little help, because they capitalize any word that applies to their merchandise. How to format your paper and cite your sources using 7th ed. ... Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and titles in names. Andy and Opie loved Aunt Bee's apple pies. Tuesday, October 6. Large round numbers are often spelled out, but be consistent within a sentence. A major bone of contention is prepositions. Rule 2b. Opinions differ. Important: do not include decimal points when doing the counting. Learn all about capitalization in this language arts video for kids! How to Capitalize and Punctuate Titles Give the full title exactly it is listed in the source, except follow these capitalization and punctuation rules (p. 25). Write decimals using figures. Rule 6b. Experienced writers are stingy with capitals. In the first example, the preposition off is lowercase. Meet my brothers, Junior and Scooter. A thorny aspect of capitalization: where does it stop? Many American writers believe this to be a wrongheaded policy in a country where, theoretically, all humans are perceived as equal. Tuesday Easter August Capitalize the names of days, months and holidays. herculean (from the mythological hero Hercules) 2. Sometimes the line between title and occupation gets blurred. Rule 12. Is it Ivory Soap or Ivory soap, a Hilton Hotel or a Hilton hotel? technical publishing professionals must understand grammar, punctuation, and capitalization in the context in which they work. APU Writing Center: Punctuation This document from Azusa Pacific University outlines rules for commas, semicolons, quotation marks, apostrophes, colons, hyphens, dashes, and parentheses. Uh oh! Use a list to provide a set of instructions or to make key points clear to your readers. An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point. The following rules for capitalizing composition titles are virtually universal. Capitalize all adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. Also expected to attend are Senators Buzz James and Eddie Twain. Rule 10. Hyphenated words in a title also present problems. It's important to always capitalize the first letter of a sentence. We can speak of a lake in the middle of the country, or we can be more specific and say Lake Michigan, which distinguishes it from every other lake on earth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This is perhaps the easiest and most straightforward of the capitalization rules, as there are virtually no exceptions or other complications. Out of respect, some writers and publishers choose to capitalize the highest ranks in government, royalty, religion, etc. Here is a summary of capitalization and punctuation rules, organized to help you organize and remember them. Summary of Punctuation and Capitalization Rules Prepared by Ann Humes Period 1. If it's the first word in a sentence, capitalize it. Some teachers assume that their students are expected to memorize every single capitalization and punctuation rule and rule number listed in the references. The Pope decreed. We left Florida and drove north. Capitalize nicknames in all cases. The Associated Press Stylebook recommends capitalizing all prepositions of more than three letters (e.g., with, about, across). The plant grew only 0.07 inches this year. Suppose you are reviewing a book whose title on the cover is in capital letters: THE STUFF OF THOUGHT. Correct: I have $1,250 in my checking account. Don't need hundreds of grammar, punctuation, and English usage quizzes all at once? I'm from the South Side of Chicago. Rule 4a. Some areas have come to be capitalized for their fame or notoriety: Examples: Rule 3a. Examples: Sign up to receive the FREE weekly GrammarBook.com E-Newsletter. Example: During the eighties and nineties, the U.S. economy grew. The Queen spoke. Remembering Jane Straus | May 18, 1954—February 25, 2011 | Author of the original Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation. The usual advice is to capitalize only the "important" words. I just met two guys named Junior and Scooter. Rule 1. Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period. Any title of more than two words can be a challenge. For example, in a book, use the title page and not the cover or the heading at the top of a … Oct 5, 2018 - Your student will have a capital time with this capitalization worksheet! Always capitalize the first word in a complete quotation, even midsentence. 2. the county of Marin For the top of the hour, some write 9:00 PM, whereas others drop the :00 and write 9 PM (or 9 p.m., 9pm, etc.). : Underline? So make it Not Yet Rich. Good afternoon, sweetheart. One-word verbs, helping verbs, and phrasal verbs are always capitalized. Example: Birmingham, Alabama, got its name from Birmingham, England. As a courtesy to readers, many writers put a zero in front of the decimal point. One of her cardinal rules was, Never betray a friend. Example: Lamarr said, "The case is far from over, and we will win.". Rule 1. June 30, 1934 (no -th necessary). 11:20p.m. Capitalization, Paragraphing, Page Numbering Punctuation: Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point, Comma, Semicolon, Colon, Hyphen, and Dash Dollar Sign, Cent Sign, and At Sign Numbers with Punctuation 2.1 Capitalization [UEB §8] Capitalization of a single letter in braille is indicated by placing the capital letter indicator, dot 6 (, Why is the legendary Hope Diamond not the Hope diamond? Rules in Capitalization and Punctuation. Copyright by Jane Straus/GrammarBook.com. The plant grew 0.79 inches last year. Pick a policy and be consistent. Otherwise, styles, methods, and opinions vary; for instance, certain short conjunctions (e.g., as, if, how, that) are capped by some, lowercased by others. For emphasis, writers sometimes capitalize a midsentence independent clause or question. Governor Fortinbrass, Lieutenant Governor Poppins, and Attorney General Dalloway will attend. Consistent: You can earn from one million to five million dollars. There is Time magazine but also the New York Times Magazine. style July 2020 (Summer term). Capitalization Rules e.g. e.g. Numbers, Capitalization, Italics Search this Guide Search. Examples: Rule 8a. In Chicago style, as opposed to AP style, we would write four hundred, eight thousand, and twenty million with no numerals—but like AP, Chicago style would require numerals for 401; 8,012; and 20,040,086. : Underline? Rule 12. She takes the four thirty-five train. Capitalize a formal title when it is used as a direct address. 3. Included: a "What's Wrong with the Sentence?" This guide to capitalization rules is especially for ESL students. The capitalization rules for titles of books, movies, and other works … Off is also capped in the third sentence because the word functions as an adjective in that title, and adjectives are always capitalized. There are three approaches to capping subordinating conjunctions: capitalize them all, lowercase them all, or capitalize them if they are words of four letters or more. Dr. … Capitalize titles when they are used before names, unless the title is followed by a comma. Still others say not to capitalize any preposition, even big words like regarding or underneath.

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