amalgamation of nigeria
Lugard was not the only one who believed Nigeria urgently needed to be integrated in order to avoid her absolute collapse. Creation of Southern Nigeria Civil Service Union; later, Nigerian Civil Servants' Union. Historical Map of Sub-Saharan Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. Although it appears that these issues can be resolved by dialogue and compromise, particularly by the intervention of a superpower, perhaps Britain in whose interest the amalgamation was done in the first … . After nearly a year of thorough field work, Lugard submitted his detailed proposal for Amalgamation on May 9th, 1913. “The pre-independence agitation for Nigeria was predicated on patriotism, equity, justice, fairness, love, rule of law, democracy, peace, unity for progressive, virile one Nigeria. The Protectorates and the Colony of Lagos were quite self-autonomous and governing them with different laws proved quite a task. Richard Akinjide, QC, SAN . The first high commissioner was Ralph Moor. In addition, Lugard was also accused of leading the country with most of his time spent in England, a place far removed from the more perplexing realities of Nigeria. Those who endorsed the amalgamation claim that the move allowed for the integration of services across the Northern and Southern Provinces and also helped bring the judicial and legal departments under the control of a lone Central Secretariat in Lagos. 1914: January: Northern Nigeria and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated into Nigeria. For instance, Sir Arthur Richards, one of the Governor Generals after the amalgamation, when considering the 1923 Clifford Constitution, stated that his primary objective was to promote the unity of Nigeria but he created regional councils in the three provinces in which Nigeria was divided, he managed to strengthen the already existing trend towards regionalization in Nigeria. And I remained in Parliament until January 15, 1966 when the Government was overthrown. 2. He played a fundamental role in the history of colonial Nigeria and he was responsible for the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates. THE AMALGAMATION OF NIGERIA Union of Lagos and Southern Nigeria.—In 1904 it was decided to unite the two Nigerias and Lagos under one government, and as a first step in that direction Sir Walter (then Mr.) Egerton was appointed both governor of Lagos and high commissioner of Southern Nigeria. But the British were yet to conclude on their plans for its colony in Nigeria. They were there ceremoniously. On the other hand, the Federal Government revealed that all the expenses involved in the celebrations will be borne by the private sector. Likewise the former US Ambassador to Nigeria John Campbell, with a new book Nigeria and the Nation-State: Rethinking Diplomacy with the Post-Colonial World. Historical Map of Northern Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. After the amalgamation, Lugard didn’t make any serious efforts to bring North and South Nigeria under the sole and central administration. He failed . Amalgamation intention is not to form a country but for administrative convenience of colonial master. in this respect. The Nation. Some had little The significance of Nigeria’s amalgamation is centered or no understanding of their neighboring regions. It was Lord Lugard that conquered the northern Nigeria military. The Amalgamation of Nigeria was a fraud, By CHIEF Richard Akinjide, QC, SAN (Irohiniodua goes memory lane to bring excerpts from the speech of Chief Richard Akinjide, SAN, First and Second Republic Minister, at the public presentation of the first edition of the book “Fellow Countrymen- the story of Coup D’etats in Nigeria” by Richard […] Lord Lugard was appointed as the first British High Commissioner of Northern Nigeria after the district administration of the Royal Niger Company was brought to an end, and formally a British protectorate was established there. It could not have come at a better time in Nigeria’s colonial history. The recently published book Formation charts Nigeria’s history from the first incursion by Jihadists in 1804 to amalgamation as a colony in 1914, painting a complicated portrait of … Before this event, the Nigerian state had been a political entity with numerous diversities which made governance difficult. As a result, the Nigeria 1914 Amalgamation merged the different parts of the country in order to make governance easier for the colonial rulers. It would be recalled that Lord Lugard arrived Nigeria specifically Northern Nigeria in 1895 from Uganda. First TV Station in Nigeria: How It All Started, Nigerian Traditional Art: A General Overview, Nigerian Art History: Decade by Decade Account, History of the FRSC (Federal Road Safety Corps), History of SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme), History of Ondo state (Before and After Creation till date), History of Ogun state (Before and After Creation till date), History of Guidance and Counselling in Nigeria, History of EFCC (Economic and Financial Crimes Commission). The amalgamation was an administrative fiat of Nigeria by the British colonialist overlord for economic and administrative convenience. Harcourt agreed with Lugard that it was important that the different regions merge in order to help govern the country more effectively. This could be likened to trying to make a political alliance between France, Germany and Great Britain. This was a result of his successful military campaign in the north, which was on the 1st of January, 1900. His arrival was as a result of the military campaigns of George Goldie which was authorized by the Royal Niger Company at that time. However, there have been countries where this has worked fine. Lugard acting like he owns all the protectorates and colony all the same the amalgamation was a mistake, that it was hard for him to make a decision is not an excuse, for they used Nigeria to replenish all what they lost during the second world war. and (Lugard) left the country finally in 1918. It was at this time he presented the association in 1914, mainly for financial reasons. However, Clifford’s successor, Richard Palmer did not agree with this view but instead claimed that Nigeria was a geographical expression, he named three divergent although contiguous chunks of Africa. Amalgamation of Nigeria was envisioned from early on in its governance, as is made clear by the report of the Niger Committee in 1898. The Northern and Southern Protectorates were changed to the Northern Provinces and Southern Provinces respectively. Speech by the Governor General of Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard (Amalgamation Proclaimation of 1914) on January 1, 1914. Lord Lugard was the first British governor-general in colonial in Nigeria in 1912. It should also be noted that years of deliberations went into the amalgamation of Nigeria and the decision should not be considered a spontaneous move by the British. Many years later, Sir Ahmadu Bello complained publicly that 1914 was an error as it was a compromise that the federal system had introduced as the best suited for the Nigerian environment. The summary was that in the north, the powerful emirates were against it, as it was feared that a centralized administrative system would weaken their power, which was actually dependent on the British rule, while in the south it was feared as it could have led to the introduction of an unpopular system of indirect rule and collapse few political rights. More importantly, the need for one government was also to consolidate the contentious railway policy of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in order to further facilitate a swift transportation of goods. Some of the key changes were. Although the amalgamation had led to a unification that established modern Nigeria, it was not without some strains, as it forced the rivals ethnic groups in Nigeria to become a single political entity. Fafowora based the partial failure of the Amalgamation on the limited time Lugard had to enforce the policy. Every student of history in Nigeria knows that the amalgamation took place in 1914 when the Northern and Southern Protectorates were merged into a single colony. These are the Nigerians present at the amalgamation. That is what Nigerian authors Feyi Fawehinmi and Fola Fagbule had in mind when they wrote Formation: The Making Of Nigeria from Jihad to Amalgamation.. This took place 15 years after the British protectorate was established in Southern Nigeria. Clifford recommended that the coordination of all administrative work should be directed from a single centre. The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. NIGERIA- THE JOURNEY TO AMALGAMATION- PDF. A year later, in 1913, Harcourt assigned Lugard as his Amalgamation’s frontline advocate, to conduct an elaborate field work of the country and determine if the different regions should be united. Lugard later prepared a detailed report titled ‘Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria and Administration 1912-1919’ which he submitted to the British Parliament. However, the Governor Generals spoke about the amalgamation and the importance of unity, their policies and actions seem to speak otherwise. It was a significant phase in the history of Nigeria. James was the Administrator of Lagos after the 1914 amalgamation. July 9, 2000. 1918 . It would be recalled that Lord Lugard arrived Nigeria specifically Northern Nigeria in 1895 from Uganda. The image below shows the document at the National Archives, London with which the amalgamation of Nigeria was done. The Amalgamation Of Nigeria Was A Fraud by Richard Akinjide, QC, SAN July 9, 2000. At that time, Sokoto was the seat of the caliphate. History of the Amalgamation of Nigeria. Interestingly, this was the last Northern Territory to be captured by the British. In effect, he had only four years to give effect to the amalgamation and introduce a central administration which was claimed to be the central objective of the amalgamation. The amalgamation of Nigeria has brought a few benefits, but several disadvantages because of the incompatible nature of the cultural side of the tribes that inhabit the country called Nigeria. Notable British colonial officers such as Sir William Macgregor (Governor of Lagos) and Sir Ralph Moore (High Commissioner of Southern Nigeria) concurred with Lugard and strongly advocated for amalgamation. Web. Newly established Provinces (previously known as Protectorates) now fell under the leadership of Lieutenant-Generals (formerly under Governors) who reported directly to Governor Generals. I entered parliament in December 12, 1959. But there were no serious actions to bring North and South Nigeria un… Prior to the amalgamation, one of the most influential governor generals of Nigeria was Sir Frederick (later Lord) Lugard. A few years after the amalgamation, Lugard was succeeded by Hyu Clifford. . But Lugard changed this situation. History of Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 By Lord Lugard As at 1861, Lagos was already an area that was controlled by the colonial masters and it was known as the Lagos colony. Nigeria at that time was in a dire need of a policy that could unify the different rival policies that were springing up in different parts of the country as a result of the decentralised system of government that was in place. INCREASED REVENUE IN THE SOUTH. T… One of such critics, Dapo Fafowora, said this: “. Retrieved 12 December, 2016. Vanguard News. At that time, there was resistance to this process especially in Lagos and it was said that Lugard simply superimposed on the existing structure of the colony in northern Nigeria. As the High Commissioner of the Northern Nigerian, Sir Frederick Lugard noticed the tribal acrimony that existed between the different parts of the country and how enactment and execution of national policies got delayed. To alleviate these problems, Northern Nigeria were amalgamated with Southern Nigeria to form the single Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914. The amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 is no exception. The celebrations took place in Abuja in 2014 although the National Assembly wasn’t in full support of the event.
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